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INTERNATIONAL 

EXHIBITION. 

1876. 






ffiftop Bui Ipittp 



UNITED STATES 

// 

Centenniae Commission 

AND 

BOARD OF FINANCE. 



Acts of Congress. 



PHILADELP 

MAY, 1874 




*\ 



/ 



i 



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OFFICERS. 

President : 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. 



Vice-Presidents : 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, 
ORESTES CLEVELAND, 
WM. M. BYRD, 
JOHN D. CREIGH, 
ROBERT LOWRY, 
ROBERT MALLORY. 



Director- General : 
ALFRED T. GOSHORN. 



Secretary : 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL. 



Counsellor and Solicitor : 
JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, ESQ. 



STANDING COMMITTEES. 



Executive Committee. 



DANIEL J. MORRELL, 
ALFRED T. GOSHORN, 
WALTER W. WOOD, 
E. A. STRAW, . 
N. M. BECK WITH. . 
JAMES T. EARLE, . 
GEORGE H. CORLISS, 
JOHN G. STEVENS, . 
ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, 

richard c. Mccormick, 

LEWIS WALN SMITH, . 
JOHN LYNCH, . 
JAMES BIRNEY, 



Pennsylvania. 

Ohio. 

Virginia. 

New Hampshire. 

New York. 

Maryland. 

Rhode Island. 

New Jersey. 

West Virginia. 

Arizona. 

Georgia. 

Louisiana. 

Michigan. 



Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

0. C. FRENCH, . Mississippi. 

W. H. PARSONS, Texas. 

JAMES T. EARLE, Maryland. 

JOSHUA NYE, Maine. 

WILLIAM F. PROSSER, Tennessee. 

JOHN H. WICKIZER, Utah. 

ASAP. CATE, NewHampsb 

Committee on Finance. 

ASA PACKER, Pennsylvania. 

JAMES BIRNEY, Michigan. 

WILLIAM M. BYRD, Alabama. 

JOHN S. ADAMS, Florida. 

FREDERICK L. MATTHEWS, . . Illinois. 

J. MARSHALL PAUL, Colorado. 

E. R. BAGWELL, ... . . Virginia. 



Committee on Foreign Affairs. 



JOHN L. CAMPBELL, 
JOHN G. STEVENS, . 
LEWIS WALN SMITH, . 
CHARLES P. KIMBALL, . 
ROBERT H LAMBORN, . 
ANDREW J. SWEENEY, . 

richard c. Mccormick, 



Indiana. 

New Jersey. 

Georgia. 

Maine. 

Wyoming. 

West Virginia. 

Arizona. 



Committee on Opening Ceremonies. 

FREDERICK L. MATTHEWS, . * . Illinois. 

SAMUEL POWEL, Rhode Island. 

HENRY S. MOODY, Nebraska. 

JOHNMcNEIL, Missouri. 

GEORGE A. BATCHELDER, .... Dakota. 

H. F. ASKEW, Delaware. 

R. W. FURNAS, Nebraska. 



Committee on 



richard c. Mccormick, 

DAVID ATWOOD, 
WILLIAM F. PROSSER, . 
ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, 
LAWRENCE A. GOBRIGHT, 
THOMAS DONALDSON, . 
S. F. PHILLIPS, 



Arizona. 

Wisconsin. 

Tennessee. 

West Virginia. 

District of Columbia. 

Idaho. 

North Carolina. 



Conimittee on Classification. 



WILLIAM P. BLAKE, 
SAMUEL HAYS, 
JONATHAN W. ALBERTSON, 
JOHN A. MARTIN, . 
JOHN H. RODNEY, . 
EDWARD D. HOLTON, . 
EDWARD PENINGTON, . 



Connecticut. 

Missouri. 

North Carolina. 

Kansas. 

Delaware. 

Wisconsin. 

Louisiana. 



Committee o?i Nomination of Secretaries of Defiartmefits. 



JONATHAN W. ALBERTSON, 
MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, 
JOHN DUNBAR CREIGH, 
GEORGE H. CORLISS, 
JOSEPH M. CAREY, . 



North Carolina. 
Vermont. 
California. 
Rhode Island. 
Wyoming. 



Committee on Arts and Sciences. 



GEORGE B. LORING, 
JAMES BIRNEY, 
SMITH M. HOBBS, . 
OSCAR G. SAWYER, . 
J. T. BERNARD, 
LAWRENCE A. GOBRIGHT, 
W. W. FOLWELL, 



Massachusetts. 

Michigan. 

Kentucky. 

Utah. 

Florida. 

District of Columbia. 

Minnesota. 



Committee on Manufactures. 



EZEKIEL A. STRAW, 
DANIEL J. MORRELL, 
WILLIAM B. SPOONER, 
WILSON W. GRIFFITH, 
GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, 
JAMES W. HAINES, . 
S. M. SHOEMAKER, . 



New Hampshire. 

Pennsylvania. 

Massachusetts. 

Ohio. 

Kansas. 

Nevada. 

Maryland. 



Committee on History, Literature, and Popular Education. 



DAVID ATWOOD, . 
ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, 
N. M. BECKWITH, . 
JOHN LYNCH, . 
J. FLETCHER WILLIAMS, 
EL WOOD EVANS, . 
THOMAS H. COLDWELL, 



Wisconsin. 
West Virginia. 
New York. 
Louisiana. 
Minnesota. 
Washington Terr. 
Tennessee. 



Committee on Commerce. 

CHARLES H. MARSHALL, . . . . . New York. 

CHARLES P. KIMBALL, .... Maine. 

WALTER W. WOOD, Virginia. 

CLAUDIUS B. GRANT, Michigan. 

JAMES L. COOPER, Alabama. 

ANDREW J. DUFUR, Oregon. 

.TOHNMcNEIL, ...... Missouri. 



Committee on Agriculture and Live Stock. 



ROBERT LOWRY, . 
ANDREW J. DUFUR, 
N. C. MEEKER, 
ROBERT MALLORY, 
ELDRIDGE W. LITTLE, 
LAWRENCE WELDON, 
ARCHIBALD CAMERON, 



Iowa. 

Oregon. 
Colorado. 
Kentucky. 
New Mexico. 
Illinois. 
South Carolina. 



Committee on Mines and Mining. 



WILLIAM WIRT McCOY, 


Nevada. 


THOMAS DONALDSON, . 


Idaho. 


J. D. CREIGH, 


California. 


JOHNWASSON, .... 


Arizona. 


J. MARSHALL PAUL, 


Colorado. 


SAMUEL HAYS, .... 


Missouri. 


WILLIAM H. CLAGETT, 


Montana. 



Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture. 



THOMAS H. COLDWELL ; 
JAMES W. HAINES, 

E. W. GANTT, . 
C. F. CLARKSON, 
J. T. BERNARD, 

F. C. JOHNSON, 
J. W. VIRTUE, . 



Tennessee. 

Nevada. 

Arkansas. 

Iowa. 

Florida. 

Indiana. 

Oregon. 



Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture. 



MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, 
EL WOOD EVANS, . 
JOHN H. WICKIZEK, 
EDWAKD PENINGTON, 
JAMES E. DEXTEE, 
JOHN S. ADAMS, 
J. C. CHEW, 



Vermont. 

Washington Terr. 

Utah. 

Louisiana. 

District of Columbia. 

Florida. 

Texas. 



MEMBERS. 





ALABAMA. 




William M. Byrd 


Selma. 


Commissioner. 


James L. Cooper, 


Huntsville. 
ARIZONA. 


Alternate. 


Richard C. McCormick, 


Commissioner. 




Washington, D. C. 




John Wasson, 


Tucson. 


Alternate. 



ARKANSAS. 



E. W. Gantt, ..... Commissioner. 

Little Rock. 
Alexander McDonald, . . . Alternate. 

Little Rock. 



CALIFORNIA. 

John Dunbar Creigh, . . . - Commissioner. 

San Francisco. 
Ben J. P. KOOSER, .... Alternate. 

Santa Cruz. 



J. Marshall Paul, 
N. C. Meeker, 



12 
COLORADO. 

Fair Play. 
Greeley. 



CONNECTICUT. 



Joseph R. Hawley, 



Wm. Phipps Blake, 



Hartford. 



New Haven. 



Henry F. Askew, 



John H. Rodney, 



DELAWARE. 



Wilmington. 



New Castle. 



Com?nissioner. 
Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



DAKOTA. 

George A. Batchelder, . . . Commissioner. 

Washington, D. C. 
Solomon L. Spink, .... Alternate. 
Yankton. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

James E. Dexter, .... Commissioner. 

Washington. 
Lawrence A. Gobright, . . . Alternate. 

Washington. 



John S. Adams, 
J. T. Bernard, 



13 

FLORIDA. 

Jacksonville. 
Tallahassee. 

GEORGIA. 



Lewis Waln Smith, 



Philadelphia, Pa. 



IDAHO. 



Thomas Donaldson, 



Boise City. 



James S. Reynolds, 



Commissioner. 

Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alter?tate. 



Boise City. 



ILLINOIS. 

Frederick L. Matthews, . . . Commissioner. 

Carlinville. 
Lawrence Weldon, .... Alternate. 
Bloomington. 

INDIANA. 

John L. Campbell, .... Commissioner. 

Crawfordsville. 
Franklin C. Johnson, . . . Alternate. 

New Albany. 



14 
IOWA. 



Robert Lowry, 



Davenport. 



Coker F. Clarkson, . 



Eldora. 



KANSAS. 



John A. Martin, 
George A. Crawford, 



Atchison. 



Robert Mallory, 
Smith M. Hobbs, 



Fort Scott. 



KENTUCKY. 



La Grange. 
Mt. Washington. 



Com m issioner. 
Alternate. 

Com?nissioner. 
Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



LOUISIANA. 

John Lynch, .... 

New Orleans. 
Edward Penington, * 

Philadelphia, Pa. 



MAINE. 



Joshua Nye, 



Augusta. 



Charles P. Kimball, . 



Portland. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



James T. Earle, . 
S. M. Shoemaker, 



15 

MARYLAND. 

Centreville. 
Baltimore. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

George B. Loring, .... Commissioner. 

Salem. 
William B. Spooner, .... Alternate. 

Boston. 



MICHIGAN. 



James Birney, 



Claudius B. Grant, 



Bay City. 
Houghton. 



MINNESOTA. 

J. Fletcher Williams, 



W. W. FOLWELL, 



St. Paul. 
Minneapolis. 



Com m issioner. 
Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



O. C. French, 



MISSISSIPPI. 



Jackson. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



John McNeil, 
Samuel Hays, 



16 

MISSOURI. 

St. Louis. 
St. Louis. 



Co?nmissioner. 
Alternate, 



MONTANA. 

William H. Clagett, . 

Deer Lodge City. 
Patrick A. Largey, 

Virginia City. 



Henry S. Moody, 
R. W. Furnas, 



NEBRASKA. 

Omaha. 
Brownsville. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 

Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



Wm. Wirt McCoy, 
James W. Haines, 



NEVADA. 

Eureka. 
Genoa. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Ezekiel A. Straw, .... Commissioner. 

Manchester. 
Asa P. Cate, Alternate. 

Northfield. 



17 



NEW JERSEY. 



Orestes Cleveland, 



John G. Stevens, 



Jersey City. 



Trenton. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



NEW MEXICO. 

Eldridge W. Little, . 

Santa Fe. 



Commissioner. 



NEW YORK. 

N. M. Beck with, .... Commissioner. 

New York. 
Charles H. Marshall, . . . Alternate. 
New York City. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Samuel F. Phillips, .... Commissioner. 

Washington City. 
Jonathan W. Albertson, . . . Alternate. 
Hertford. 



Alfred T. Goshorn, 



Wilson W. Griffith, 



OHIO. 



Cincinnati. 



Toledo. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



James W. Virtue, 



Andrew J. Dufur, 



18 
OREGON. 

Baker City. 
Portland. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Daniel J. Morrell, .... 



Asa Packer, 



Johnstown. 
Mauch Chunk. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



RHODE ISLAND. 

George H. Corliss, . 



Samuel Powel, 



Providence. 
Newport. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 

William Gurney, . Commissioner. 

Charleston. 
Archibald Cameron, .... Alternate. 

Charleston. 



TENNESSEE. 

Thomas H. Coldwell, . . . Commissioner. 

Shelbyville. 
William F. Prosser, . . . . Alternate. 
Nashville. 



19 
TEXAS. 

William Henry Parsons, . 



John C. Chew, 



New York City. 
New York. 



Commissioner. 
Alternate. 



UTAH. 



John H. Wickizer, .... Commissioner. 

Salt Lake City. 
Oscar G. Sawyer, . . . Alternate. 

Salt Lake City. 



VERMONT. 



Middleton Goldsmith, 


Cotnmissioner . 


Rutland. 




Henry Chase, 


Alternate. 


Lyndon. 




VIRGINIA. 




Walter W. Wood, 


Commissioner. 


Halifax Court House. 




Edmund R. Bagwell, .... 


Alternate. 


Onancock, Accomac Co. 





WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 

Elwood Evans, ..... Commissioner. 

Olympia. 
Alexander S. Abernethy, . . Alternate. 

Cowlitz County. 



20 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

Alex. R. Boteler. .... Commissioner. 

Shepherdstown. 
Andrew J. Sweeney, . . Alternate. 

Wheeling. 

WISCONSIN. 

David Atwood, Commissioner. 

Madison. 
Edward D. Holton, .... Alternate. 
Milwaukee. 

WYOMING. 

Jos. M. Carey, . . . . Commissioner. 

Cheyenne. 
Robert H. Lamborn, .... Alternate. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 



BY-LAWS 

OF THE 



|nM jpBta gtnttunial giwiniBm 



ARTICLE I. 

Official Title. 
This body shall be known as " The United States Cen- 
tennial Commission," as provided for by the Act of Congress 
approved March 3d, 187 1, and the celebration, for the con- 
duct of which the Commission is appointed, shall be known 
as "The International Exhibition of 1876." 

ARTICLE II. 
Quorum, 

A quorum for the transaction of business, shall consist 
of the Commissioners representing not less than a majority 
of the States and Territories. 

- ARTICLE III. 

Power of Alternate Commissioner. 
An Alternate Commissioner shall have all the powers 
of a Commissioner when the Commissioner is not present at 
any meeting. When the Commissioner is present, the Alter- 
nate shall have all the powers of a Commissioner, but shall 
have no vote. 

ARTICLE IV. 
Officers of the Commission. 
The officers of the Commission shall consist of a Presi- 
dent, six Vice Presidents, a Secretary, and a Solicitor. Elec- 



22 

tions shall be by ballot, and shall be held during the annual 
session of the Commission in May, on such day of the ses- 
sion as the Commission shall, during its session, designate • 
notice of which shall be given in open session, at least one 
day preceding the holding the election. In case of a failure 
to elect at the time specified, the officers then serving shall 
continue until the choice of their successors. 

ARTICLE V. 

Executive Committee. 

An Executive Committee, to consist of thirteen mem- 
bers, shall be elected at the regular annual meeting of the 
Commission, who shall hold their offices one year, and until 
their successors are elected. 

When duly convened, five members shall constitute a 
quorum for business. It shall elect its own Chairman, ap- 
point its own Clerk, and such agents and employees as it 
shall deem necessary, and define their duties. 

The Committee shall cause to be kept a journal of all 
its proceedings, transactions, and votes ; shall have power to 
make such rules and regulations for its own government as 
it may deem proper ; shall act without delay on all matters 
referred to it by the Commission ; and make report thereon 
to the Commission when in open session. 

During the sessions of the Commission, the Committe* 
shall have all the powers usually exercised by the Executive 
Committees of Corporate bodies ; and in the recess of the 
Commission, shall have all the powers and authority of this 
Commission. In case of a vacancy in the Committee during 
the recess of the Commission, the same shall be filled by the 
President until action shall be taken thereon by the Commis- 
sion. 



. 



The rulings of the Commission on any subject connected 
with the Exhibition, shall be followed and carried out by the 
Executive Committee. 

The papers, books, and journal of its proceedings shall 
at all times be subject to examination by the. Commission, or 
by any member thereof. 

The Standing and other Committ'on shall report to the 
Executive Committee, when so requested (provided that it 
is not during the session of the Commission), the progress of 
the work of such Committee. 

The Chairman of the Executive Committee is authorized 
to refer to any Committee such matters as may come before 
it, and which should appropriately have been, or ought to 
be referred to the Committee during the recess of the Com- 
mission. 

The Executive Committee shall, at the beginning of 
each session of the Commission, make full report of the pro- 
ceedings of the Committee. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Director General. 
For the more efficient conduct and management of the 
business of the Commission, the Executive Committee shall 
elect one of its own members, who shall be known and recog- 
nized as Director General ; whose office shall be at the head- 
quarters of the Commission in Philadelphia; and whose 
duties, powers, and compensation, shall be fixed by said 
Committee. 

ARTICLE VII. 
Duties of the President. 
The President shall preside at all meetings of the Com- 
mission ; shall have all the authority and power of the pre- 



24 

siding officer of a legislative body ; shall appoint all com- 
mittees, unless otherwise ordered; shall call special meet- 
ings of the Commission on his own motion, or on the request 
of the Executive Committee, or on the request in writing of 
at least thirteen Commissioners, of which meetings not less 
than thirty days' notice shall be given to each member, by 
mail or telegraph ; he shall be ex-officio member of all com- 
mittees. 

ARTICLE VIII. 
Duties of the Vice-Presidents. 
A Vice-President shall, in the absence of the President, 
perform his duties, each taking precedence in accordance 
with the order of his election. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Duties of the Secretary. 

The Secretary shall conduct all correspondence of the 
Commission, and perform such duties as are incidental to the 
office of Treasurer; he shall receive and carefully file all 
documents relative to the business of the Commission; he 
shall be present at the office of the Commission, in the City 
of Philadelphia, and carry out any orders of the Commission 
or the Executive Committee ; he shall keep minutes of all 
transactions, and at each meeting, or when required, report 
all matters of interest to the Commission and the Executive 
Committee. All books, documents, and papers in his pos- 
session shall at all times be open to the inspection of any 
member. 

ARTICLE X. 
Payment of Moneys. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury of the Com- 
mission except on specific appropriations made by the Com- 



mission or the Executive Committee, under such rules and 
restrictions as the Executive Committee shall prescribe. 
ARTICLE XI. 
Stan ding Com m it tees. 
There shall be appointed at each annual meeting, after 
the election of officers, the following named committees, 
who shall serve until their successors are appointed : 

1. A Committee on Finance and Accounts. 

2. A Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

3. A Committee on Classification. 

4. A Committee on Foreign Affairs. 

5. A Committee on Opening Ceremonies. 

6. A Committee on Arts and Sciences. 

7. A Committee on Manufactures. 

8. A Committee on Mining. 

9. A Committee on History, Literature, and Popular 
Education. 

10. A Committee on Commerce and Navigation. 

11. A Committee on Agriculture and Live Stock. 

12. A Committee on Legislation. 

13. A Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture. 

14. A Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture. 

15. A Committee on Nomination of Secretaries of De- 
partments. 

Each Committee shall consist of seven members, and 
shall elect its own Chairman, of which rrotice shall be given 
to the Secretary. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Stated Meetings. 
The stated annual meeting of the Commission shall be 
held on the third Wednesday of May of each year, after 

1873- 



26 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Amendments to By-Laws. 
Amendments to the By-Laws shall only be made at a 
meeting of the Commission, as provided for in the fifth sec- 
tion of the Act of Congress. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Committee on Nomination of Secretaries of Divisions. 
Suitable persons shall be selected from time to time, as 
the necessities of the Exhibition shall require, to act as 
Secretaries of the various Divisions of the Exhibition, ac- 
cording to the classification ; and a Standing Committee of 
seven (7), to be selected by the Chair, shall be constituted, by 
which such Secretaries shall be nominated, subject to con- 
firmation by the Executive Committee. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Limitation of Time for Occupying the Floor. 
At the Meetings of the Commission, no member shall 
occupy the floor longer than ten minutes, unless by unani- 
mous consent. 



Copy of Act of Congress Creating the Commission, 

APPROVED MARCH 3, 1871. 



AN ACT 

To provide for Celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary 
of American Independence, by holding an International 
Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the 
Soil and Aline, in the City of Philadelphia, and Stale of 
Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 



Whereas, The Declaration of Independence of the 
United States of America was prepared, signed, and pro- 
mulgated in the year seventeen hundred and seventy-six, in 
the City of Philadelphia^ and, whereas, it behooves the peo- 
ple of the United States to celebrate, by appropriate ceremo- 
nies, the centennial anniversary of this memorable and de- 
cisive event, which constituted the fourth day of July, Anno 
Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six, the birthday of 
the nation ; and, whereas, it is deemed fitting that the com- 
pletion of the first century of our national existence shall be 
commemorated by an Exhibition of the natural resources of 
the country and their development, and of its progress in 
those arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with those 
of older nations ; and, whereas no place is so appropriate for 
such an Exhibition as the city in which occurred the event 
it is designed to commemorate ; and, whereas, as the Exhibi- 
tion should be a National Celebration, in which the people of 
the whole country should participate, it should have the 
sanction of the Congress of the United States ; Therefore, 



28 

Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of 
Representatives of the United States of A??ierica in Congress 
assembled, That an Exhibition of American and Foreign Arts, 
Products and Manufactures, shall be held, under the auspices 
of the Government of the United States, in the City of Phila- 
delphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Section 2. That a Commission, to consist of not more 
than one delegate from each State, and from each Territory 
of the United States, whose functions shall continue until the 
close of the Exhibition, shall be constituted, whose duty it 
shall be to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan 
for holding the Exhibition ; and after conference with the 
authorities of the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a suitable 
site within the corporate limits of the said city, where the 
Exhibition shall be held. 

Section 3. That said Commissioners shall be appointed 
within one year from the passage of this Act, by the Presi- 
dent of the United States, on the nomination of the govern- 
ors of the States and Territories respectively. 

Section 4. That in the same manner there shall be 
appointed one Commissioner from each State and Territory 
of the United States, who shall assume the place and perform 
the duties of such Commissioner and Commissioners as may 
be unable to attend the meetings of the Commission. 

Section 5. That the Commission shall hold its meet- 
ings in the City of Philadelphia, and that a majority of its 
members shall have full power to make all needful rules for 
its government. 

Section 6.. That the Commission shall report to Con- 
gress, at the first session after its appointment, a suitable date 
for opening and for closing the Exhibition ; a schedule of 



29 

appropriate ceremonies for opening and dedicating the same ; 
a plan or plans of the buildings ; a complete plan for the 
reception and classification of articles intended for exhibition ; 
the requisite custom-house regulations for the introduction 
into this country of the articles from foreign countries in- 
tended for exhibition ; and such other matters as in their 
judgment may be important. 

Section 7. That no compensation for services shall be 
paid to the Commissioners or other officers provided by this 
Act from the Treasury of the United States ; and the United 
States shall not be liable for any expenses attending such 
exhibition, or by reason of the same. 

Section 8. That whenever the President shall be in- 
formed by the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania that 
provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings 
for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commis- 
sion herein provided for of the proposed Exhibition, the 
President shall, through the Department of State, make 
proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at which the 
Exhibition will open and the place at which it will be held ; 
and he shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives 
of all nations copies of the same, together with such regula- 
tions as may be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication 
in their respective countries. 



Copy of an Act of Congress creating the Centennial Board of Finance, 

APPROVED JUNE 1, 1872. 



AN ACT 



Relative to the Centennial Internationa/ Exhibition to be held 
in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, in 
the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Whereas, Congress did provide by an Act entitled "An 
Act to provide for the celebrating the One Hundredth Anni- 
versary of American Independence, by holding an Interna- 
tional Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the 
Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of 
Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six," approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy- 
one, for the appointment of Commissioners to promote and 
control the Exhibition of the national resources and their 
development, and the nation's progress in arts which benefit 
mankind, and to suggest and direct appropriate ceremonies 
by which the people of the United States may commemorate 
that memorable and decisive event, the Declaration of Ameri- 
can Independence by the Congress of the United Colonies, 
assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of 
July, Anno Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six ; and, 
whereas, such provisions should be made for procuring the 
funds requisite for the purposes aforesaid, as will enable all 
the people of the United States, who have shared the com- 
mon blessings resulting from national independence, to aid in 
the preparation and conduct of said International Exhibition, 



32 

and memorial celebration under the direction of the Commis- 
sioners of the United States ; Therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America in Congress asse7nbled, That 
there is hereby created a body corporate, to be known by the 
name of the Centennial Board of Finance, and by that name 
to have an incorporate existence until the object for which it 
is formed shall have been accomplished ; and it shall be 
competent to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, 
defend and be defended, in all courts of law and equity in 
the United States ; and may make and have a corporate seal, 
and may purchase, take, have, and hold, and may grant, sell, 
and at pleasure dispose of all such real and personal estate 
as may be required in carrying into effect the provisions of 
an Act of Congress, entitled, " An Act to provide for cele- 
brating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Inde- 
pendence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts 
and Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the 
City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March third, 
eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and all acts supplement- 
ary thereto ; and said Centennial Board of Finance shall 
consist of the following named persons, their associates and 
successors, from the States and Territories as herein set forth. 

Here follows the names of Corporators, 

Section 2. That the said corporation shall have au- 
thority, and is hereby empowered to secure subscriptions of 
capital stock to an amount not exceeding ten million dollars, 
to be divided into shares of ten dollars each, and to issue to 
the subscribers of said stock certificates therefor under the 
corporate seal of said corporation, which certificates shall 



33 

bear the signature of the President and Treasurer, and be 
transferable under such rules and regulations as may be made 
for the purpose. And it shall be lawful for any municipal or 
other corporate body existing by or under the laws of the United 
States, to subscribe and pay for shares of said capital stock ; 
and all holders of said stock shall become associates in said 
corporation, and shall be entitled to one vote on each share. 
And it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial 
Commission to prescribe rules to enable absent stockholders 
to vote by proxy. The proceeds of said stock, together with 
the receipts from all other sources, shall be used by said cor- 
poration for the erection of suitable buildings, with their 
appropriate fixtures and appurtenances, and for all other ex- 
penditures required in carrying out the objects of the said 
Act of Congress of March third, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-one, and which may be incident thereto. And the 
said corporation shall keep regular minutes of its proceed- 
ings, and full accounts, with the vouchers thereof, of all the 
receipts and expenditures, and the same shall be always open 
to the inspection of the United States Centennial Commis- 
sion, or any members thereof. 

Section 3. The books of subscription shall be opened 
by the United States Centennial Commission, under such 
rules as it may prescribe ; and an opportunity shall be given, 
during a period of one hundred days, to the citizens of each 
State and Territory to subscribe for stock to an amount not 
exceeding its quota, according to its population ; after which 
period of one hundred days, stock not taken may be sold to 
any person or persons, or corporation willing to purchase the 
same. 

Section 4. That after the expiration of said period of 
one hundred days, the United States Centennial Commission 



34 

shall issue a call for a meeting by publication in one or more 
newspapers published at the capital of each State and Terri- 
tory, not less than thirty days prior thereto, of the corporators 
and all others who may then have subscribed for stock, to be 
held in the City of Philadelphia, for the purpose of electing a 
board of directors, to consist of twenty-five stockholders, 
whose term of office shall be one year, and until their 
successors shall have been qualified ; at which meeting 
those who may be present in person or by proxy, of 
whom one hundred shall constitute a quorum, shall be com- 
petent to organize and elect said officers. The said Board of 
Directors, and every subsequent board, shall be chosen by 
the stockholders, out of a list of one hundred stockholders, 
selected and nominated by the United States Centennial 
Commission. Nine members of the Board of Directors shall 
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but no 
election or change of officers shall take place unless at a 
meeting of the Board of Directors, at which a majority shall 
be present. 

Section 5. That the said board of directors shall 
elect, from its own number, a president and two vice-presi- 
dents, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their 
successors shall have been duly qualified, and shall appoint 
a treasurer, a secretary, and such other officers as may be 
required to carry out the purposes of the corporation ; which 
elected and appointed officers shall hold their respective 
offices during the pleasure of the board, receiving such 
compensation as the board may prescribe. And the board 
shall also adopt such by-laws, rules and regulations, for its 
own government, and for the government of its officers, as 
may be deemed expedient ; Provided, That the same shall 
not be inconsistent with any Act of Congress or the rules 
adopted by the United States Centennial Commission. 



35 

Section 6. That as soon as the Board of Directors 
shall have been duly organized, as provided for in section 
five of this act, it shall be the duty of the United States 
Centennial Commission to deliver to the said board all stock 
subscription books, with the papers and records of any kind 
in its possession, pertaining to the same. 

Section 7. That the grounds for the Exhibition shall 
be prepared and the buildings erected by the said corporation 
in accordance with the plans, which shall have been 
previously adopted by the United States Centennial Commis- 
sion, and the rules and regulations of said corporation, 
governing rates for " entrance " and " admission " fees or 
otherwise affecting the rights, privileges or interests of the 
exhibitors, or of the public, shall be fixed and established by 
the United States Centennial Commission ; and no grant 
conferring rights or privileges of any description connected 
with the said grounds or buildings, or relating to said 
exhibition or celebration, shall be made without the consent 
of the United States Centennial Commission ; and said 
commission shall have power to control, change or revoke 
all such grants, and shall appoint all judges and examiners, 
and award all premiums. 

Section 8. That the Centennial Board of Finance 
shall have authority to issue bonds, not in excess of its 
capital stock, and secure the payment of the same, principal 
and interest, by mortgage upon its property and prospective 
income. 

Section 9. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary 
of the Treasury of the United States, as soon as practicable 
after the passage of this act, to cause to be prepared, in 
accordance with a design approved by the United States 
Centennial Commission and the Secretary of the Treasury, a 



36 

sufficient number of certificates of stock to meet the require- 
ments of this act ; and any person found guilty of counter- 
feiting, or attempting to counterfeit, or knowingly circulating 
false certificates of stock, herein authorized, shall be subject 
to the same pains and penalties as are or may be provided by 
law for counterfeiting United States Currency ; but nothing 
in this act shall be so construed as to create any liability of 
the United States, direct or indirect, for any debt or 
obligation incurred, nor for any claim, by the Centennial 
International Exhibition, or the corporation hereby created, 
for aid or pecuniary assistance from Congress or the Treasury 
of the United States, in support or liquidation of any debts 
or obligations created by the corporation herein authorized : 
And provided, That nothing in this act shall be so construed 
as to override or interfere with the laws of any State ; and all 
contracts made in any State for the purposes of the Centen- 
nial International Exhibition shall be subject to the laws 
thereof; And provided further, That no member of said 
Centennial Board of Finance assumes any personal liability 
for any debt or obligation which may be created or incurred 
by the corporation authorized by this act. 

Section io. That as soon as practicable, after the said 
Exhibition shall have been closed, it shall be the duty of said 
corporation to convert its property into cash, and, after the 
payment of all its liabilities, to divide its remaining assets 
among its stockholders, pro rata, in full satisfaction and 
discharge of its capital stock. And it shall be the duty of the 
United States Centennial Commission to supervise the closing 
up of the affairs of said corporation, to audit its accounts, 
and submit, in a report to the President of the United States, 
the financial results of the Centennial Exhibition. 

Section ii. That the Commission created by the act 
referred to in the preamble of this act is hereby made and 



37 

constituted a body politic and corporate in law, with power 
to do such acts, and to enter into such obligations as may be 
promotive of the purposes for which such Commission was 
established. Its title shall be the United States Centennial 
Commission. It shall have a common and corporate seal, 
and possess all the rights incident to corporate existence. 

Section 12. That the Alternate Commissioners ap- 
pointed pursuant to section four of the Act approved March 
third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, referred to in the 
preamble to this act, shall have all the powers of a Commis- 
sioner when the Commissioner is not present at any meeting. 
When the Commissioner is present the Alternate may partici- 
pate in the debates and serve on committees, but shall have 
no vote. The appointment of all the Commissioners and 
Alternate Commissioners made since March third, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-two, are hereby ratified and confirmed ; 
and all vacancies now existing, or which may hereafter exist, 
whether by death, resignation, removal from the State or 
Territory, or otherwise, shall be filled, at any time hereafter, 
in like manner as is provided in said Act of March third, 
eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of 
Commissioners. 

Section 13. That it shall be the duty of the United 
States Centennial Commission to make report, from time to 
time, to the President of the United States, of the progress 
of the work, and in a final report present- a full exhibit of 
the result of the United States Centennial Celebration and 
Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Approved, June 1, 1872. 



JottotitiBf |nBrtr af Jtonq. 



OFFICERS 

OF THE 

gattatnM |uHri uff Jtaiq. 

President. 

John Welsh, Philadelphia. 

Vice Presidents. 

William Sellers, Philadelphia. 

John S. Barbour, Virginia. 

• Directors. 

Samuel M. Felton, ....... Philadelphia. 

Daniel M. Fox, Philadelphia. 

Thomas Cochran, Philadelphia. 

Clement M. Biddle, Philadelphia. 

N. Parker Shortridge, Philadelphia. 

James M. Robb, . . . , Philadelphia. 

Edward T. Steel, . , Philadelphia. 

John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. 

John Price Wetherill, Philadelphia. 

Henry Winsor, , . Philadelphia. 

Henry Lewis, . . Philadelphia. 

Amos R. Little, , . Philadelphia! 

J. Vaughan Merrick, Philadelphia. 

Thos. H. Dudley, New Jersey. 

A. S. Hewitt, New York, 

John Cummings, . Massachusetts. 

John Gorham, . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island. 

Charles W. Cooper, Pennsylvania. 

William Bigler, . - Pennsylvania. 

Robert M. Patton, . . Alabama. 

J. B. Drake, Illinois. 

George Bain, Missouri. 

Secretary and Treasurer. 

Frederick Fraley, Philadelphia. 



Committees of the Directors. 



On Finance and Accounts. — Messrs. Wetherill, Win- 
sor, Steel, Cooper, and Gorham. 

On Subscriptions — In Philadelphia and New York. — 
Messrs. Wanamaker, Steel, Biddle, Lewis, Little and 
Hewitt. 

In Boston and Eastern States. — Messrs. Lewis, Little, 
Cummings and Gorham. 

In Pennsylvania. — Messrs. Shortridge, Bigler, 
Wetherill and Cooper. 

In Western States.— Messrs. Biddle, Drake and Bain. 

In Southern States. — Messrs. Fox, Patton, Barbour 
and Little. 

In New Jersey and Delaware. — Messrs. Dudley, 
Hewitt and Shortridge. 

On Transportation Duties and Storage. — Mr. Biddle. 

On Congressional Appropriation. — Messrs. Bigler, 
Dudley, Fox, Cochran, Wetherill and Barbour. 

On Relations between the United Slates Centennial Com- 
mission and Board of Finance. — MESSRS. WlNSORand Robb. 

On Grounds, Plans and Buildings. — Messrs. Cochran, 
Sellers, Felton, Biddle and Lewis. 

On Plans for Permanent Building. — Messrs. Bigler 
and Sellers. 

On Medals. — Mr. Steel. 

On Printing and Publishing. — Messrs. Wanamaker 
and Robb. 

On Law. — Mr. Robb. 

On Certificate of Stock. — Messrs. Shortridge and 
Biddle. 

Joint Executive Committee. — Messrs. Lewis and 
Welsh. 



BY-LAWS 



gttltolfliBl |UHlt 4 JtitBEL 



ARTICLE I. 

Officers of the Board. 
The officers of the Board shall be a President and two 
Vice-Presidents, whose term of office shall be one year, and 
until their successors shall be chosen. 

ARTICLE II. 

Quorum. 
Nine members of the Board of Directors shall consti- 
tute a quorum for the transaction of business, but no election 
or change of officers shall be made except at a meeting of 
the Board of Directors, at which a majority shall be present. 

ARTICLE III. 

Election of Treasurer. 
A Treasurer shall be elected annually by the Board, but 
shall hold his office at the pleasure of the Board. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Election of Secretary. 
A Secretary shall be elected annually by the Board, but 
shall hold his office at the pleasure of the Board. 



43 

ARTICLE V. 

Duties of the President. 

The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board, 
and shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed, 
and shall at his own discretion, or by request of any two 
Directors, call special meetings of the Board, giving ten 
days' notice thereof. He shall be ex-officio a member of all 
standing committees, and shall have all the power and 
authority incident to his office. 

In the absence of the President, a Vice-President, if 
either be present, shall perform his duties, and in their absence 
the Board may appoint a President /r<? tern. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Duties of the Treasurer. 
The Treasurer shall place all moneys of the Centennial 
Board of Finance in such depositories as shall be selected 
by the Board, and no moneys shall be drawn from the deposi- 
tories or paid by the Treasurer except on warrants ordered 
to be drawn by the Board, which warrants shall be signed 
by the President or by the Chairman of the Finance Com- 
mittee, and shall be attached to the check of the Treasurer. 
He shall keep an account of all receipts and expenditures, 
and shall report at each stated meeting of the Board the 
balance in each depository. 

He shall also report quarterly to the Board, or oftener if 
required, a detailed statement of all receipts and expendi- 
tures. His books shall at all times be open to the inspection 
of any member of the Board, or of the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission. 

In addition to his duties as Treasurer, he shall also per- 
form such other services as the Board may prescribe. 



44 

ARTICLE VII. 
Duties of the Secretary. 
The Secretary shall receive, file and carefully preserve 
all papers, property of the Board, and shall attend the meet- 
ings of the Board or any of its committees, when requested ; 
shall keep minutes of the proceedings of the Board or any 
of its Committees, and shall discharge such other duties as 
the Board or its President may direct. 

ARTICLE VIII. % 

Executive Committee. 
The President, Vice-President and the Chairmen of the 
several Standing Committees shall constitute an Executive 
Committee, and shall have full authority under the direction 
of the Board, to take such action in regard to its business as 
a majority of said committee may deem necessary or expe- 
dient, and report it to the next succeeding meeting of the 

Board. 

* 

ARTICLE IX. 

Standing Committees. 
As soon as practicable after the organization of the 
Board, by the election x>f its officers, the President shall 
appoint the following standing committees ; 

1. A Committee of Finance and Accounts of five 
directors. 

2. A Committee on Subscriptions and Payments of 
Centennial Stock of nine directors. 

3. A Committee on Grounds, Plans and Buildings of 
five directors. 

4. A Committee on Law and Conference of three 
directors. 



45 

ARTICLE X. 

Duties of the Committee on Finance and Accounts. 

The Committee on Finance and Accounts shall con- 
sider and report on all subjects relating to the providing, 
reception, custody and payment of moneys, and shall super- 
vise and direct the Treasurer in regard to his duties, shall 
examine his accounts at least once in every month, compare 
the vouchers with his entry, and report the result to the 
Board. 

ARTICLE XL 
Stated Meetings. 

Stated meetings of the Board shall be held on the first 
and third Thursday of every month, at 9^ o'clock, A. M., 
and special meetings shall be held as provided for in these 
By-Laws, when business shall be presented in order as fol- 
lows : 

1. Roll call. 

2. Reading minutes of previous meetings for correction 
or approval. 

3. Report of Secretary. 

4. Report of Treasurer. 

5. Reports of Standing Committees in order. 

6. Reports of Special Committees. 

7. Unfinished or postponed business. 

8. Any other business. 

All reports shall be made in writing, and all motions 
and resolutions, if the President so direct, shall be made in 
writing. 

No member of the Board shall occupy the floor in 
debate more than five minutes, except by unanimous consent 
of the Board. 



46 

ARTICLE XII. 

Vacancies. 
Vacancies in the Board, or its offices, may be filled by 
election by the Board, from nominations made at the next 
preceding meeting. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Amendments. 
Additions or amendments to these by-laws may be made 
at any stated meeting of the Board next following that when 
such additions or amendments may have been proposed, but 
no amendments or change in the by-laws shall be made ex- 
cept at a meeting at which a majority of the Board shall be 
present, and all the directors shall have been notified by the 
Secretary of the proposed change or addition, and it shall 
require the vote of two-thirds of those present to approve 
such amendments. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Rules of Order and Parliamentary Lazv. 
The meetings of this Board shall be conducted accord- 
ing to the rules of parliamentary proceedings in Cushing's 
Manuel. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 928 051 A, 



